A Systematic Review on the Treatment of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra.

Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a benign skin condition that is primarily reported in skin of color patients. While prevalent, treatment options are limited and the benign course of DPNs may cause them to be overlooked by clinicians. However, large and multiple lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas may be emotionally and socially distressful to patients. There are few literature reviews examining treatment options for this condition. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. 67 articles were identified and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our findings demonstrate that laser therapy is becoming increasingly utilized as a safe and efficacious treatment for DPNs in skin of color patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 20(4):467-472. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5555.

Elective Treatment of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra: A Review of Treatment Modalities.

Dermatosis papulosa nigra is a benign skin lesion found most frequently on the face of patients with skin of color. Elective treatment is occasionally requested. However, in view of knowledge gaps regarding aesthetic treatments for skin of color, patients can be exposed to unnecessary risks or simply denied treatment options due to physician reservation. Cosmetic treatments should balance efficacy of lesion removal while minimizing pigmentary complications. In this review, we describe the few published treatment modalities for dermatosis papulosa nigra. Alongside established surgical techniques, laser devices including the 532-nm potassium-titanylphosphate laser, 532-nm diode laser, 585-nm pulsed dye laser, 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, 1550-nm erbium-doped fractionated laser and the 10,600-nm carbon dioxide laser have been successfully reported. The insight from this review can assist in increasing our understanding of safe and effective treatments for conditions that are common on skin of color.

Treatment of dermatosis papulosa nigra using a carbon dioxide laser.

BACKGROUND: Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is characterized by the presence of multiple, small, hyperpigmented, warty papules affecting the face, neck, and trunk that bear to histological semblance to seborrheic keratosis. Although the lesions are benign tumors, they can cause distress for cosmetic reasons. OBJECTIVE: We, herein, report the cases of three female Japanese patients (mean age, 46 years) with DPN who were treated using a carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser with a computerized scanner. The patients were all suffering from an increased number of brown asymptomatic papules (size, 1-5 mm), which were located all over the trunk. Histological examinations revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and horn cyst formation in the epidermis. METHODS: We performed CO2 laser (LASER 30C; Lumenis Inc) treatment (settings: 8-10 W; pulse duration, 0.05-seconds; rest duration, 0.36 seconds; laser spot size, 1.2 mm) for 5-10 months. RESULTS: With CO2 laser treatment, were could completely remove the lesions and achieve excellent cosmetic results without scar formation in all cases. The treated lesions did not relapse for more than 1 year. CONCLUSION: In our opinion, CO2 laser treatment with a computerized scanner is an effective therapeutic option for DPN.

Erupción papulosa fotodistribuida / Papular Eruption on Sun-Exposed Skin

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Tratamiento del acné en la adolescencia / Treatment of acne in adolescents

El acné es la enfermedad dermatológica más común de la adolescencia. Aunque casi todos los casos remiten alrededor de la tercera década de la vida, cuando este problema conlleva una carga emocional para el paciente se requiere indicar tratamiento. En esta actualización, los autores revisan los distintos grados de compromiso de esta patología, el tratami-ento y los niveles de evidencia que tiene cada uno de ellos, con el objetivo de facilitar a los médicos de atención primaria el manejo de los pacientes que presentan esta enfermedad. (AU)

Acne is the most common dermatological condition in adolescents. Even though almost all cases will resolve around the third decade of life, treatment is indicated when this health problem carries an emotional burden for the patient. In this update, the authors review the grades of involvement of the disease and the available treatments according to levels of evidence, with the aim of helping primary care physicians to manage the patients presenting this illness. (AU)

Updated review of genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders.

Reticulate pigmentary disorders are a group of disorders characterized by hyper- and/or hypopigmented macules with varying sizes and amounts of pigment. Some of the disorders are heritable, such as Dowling-Degos disease, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura and X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder. Although each condition possesses unique phenotypic characteristics and the prognosis for each is somewhat different, there is a large degree of overlap between the disorders and therefore they are difficult to differentiate in the clinical setting. This updated review provides a clinical and molecular delineation of these genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to establish a concise diagnostic strategy to allow clinical dermatologists to make an accurate diagnosis, as well as to provide useful information for clinical and genetic counselling.

Perianal Lesions in Children: An Updated Review.

Perianal lesions in children are common reasons for dermatology clinic visits and a well-defined approach to diagnosis and management is helpful to the practicing clinician. In this article, we review and update various etiologies of perianal lesions in the pediatric population, including infectious, papulosquamous, vascular, and neoplastic. We provide a standard initial approach to diagnosis and updates on current management. Infectious etiologies of perianal lesions discussed in this article include fungal, bacterial, parasitic, and viral. Perianal papulosquamous lesions often encountered in children, and discussed in this article, include acrodermatitis enteropathica, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and many others. We also discuss the diagnosis and management of other entities including infantile hemangiomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and fibrous hamartoma of infancy.

Dowling-Degos disease: a therapeutic challenge: report of a family with no response to laser treatments

La enfermedad de Dowling-Degos (DDD), conocida también como 'anomalía reticulada y pigmentada de las flexuras' es una rara genodermatosis autosómica dominante. Se caracteriza por la aparición de máculas hiperpigmentadas de configuración reticulada; afectando principalmente los grandes pliegues como las axilas e ingles. Pudiendo, además, comprometer otros pliegues como cervicales, antecubitales, submamarios e interglúteos. Otras características asociadas son las lesiones tipo comedones y los pits palmo-plantares. Presentamos el caso de una familia con enfermedad de Dowling-Degos sin respuesta al tratamiento con laser Nd:YAG y CO2. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura de los tratamientos disponibles.

Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), also known as "reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures", is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. DDD is characterized by an acquired reticular skin hyperpigmentation which begins in the axillae and groin. It later involves other body folds, including neck, inner aspects of the arms and thighs, inframammary, and intergluteal folds. Associated features include comedolike lesions on the neck or back, pitted facial or perioral scars, and epidermoid cysts. Herein we present a family (proband, mother, grandmother) with DDD that were treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser without response. Treatment options are discussed and the available literature is reviewed.

[Erythematosquamous dermatoses in adolescence]. / Erythematosquamöse Erkrankungen in der Adoleszenz.

Erythematosquamous dermatoses in adolescents comprise a wide range of differential diagnoses. Age-typical variations of the clinical manifestation, the need to differentiate common conditions from rare diseases as well as the tremendous psychosocial impact which the patients perceive especially in this vulnerable period of life can become major challenges for pediatric dermatologists. This article summarizes key features of common erythematosquamous dermatoses and less frequent skin diseases occurring during adolescence.

Successful treatment of Dowling-Degos disease using intense pulsed light.

Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare inherited pigmentary disorder characterised by reticulate pigmentation at flexural sites. No treatment modality has yet been established as a definitive method for the effective elimination of lentigines in DDD. We present a case of a 24-year old woman with DDD treated successfully using intense pulsed light as a novel management strategy.

What's new in objective assessment and treatment of facial hyperpigmentation?

Facial hyperpigmentation is common and challenging to treat in darker-skinned populations. A Medline literature search of articles published up to October 2013 reporting the objective assessment of and/or treatment for melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, dermatosis papulosa nigra, lichen planus pigmentosus, and erythema dyschromicum perstans was reviewed. Objective assessment was only reported for melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, randomized controlled trial evidence was only reported for melasma. Although progress has been made, there is a need to develop more objective outcome measures and effective treatments for hyperpigmentation.

Follicular Dowling Degos disease: a rare variant of an evolving dermatosis.

Dowling Degos disease is a rare, reticulate pigmentary disorder with variable phenotypic expression that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and reticulate pigmentary anomaly of the flexures. Many variants of this condition and its overlap with other reticulate pigmentary disorders have been reported in the literature. We present here two cases of DDD with follicular localization, both clinically and histologically. It was associated with ichthyosis vulgaris in one case. Follicular DDD is an uncommon variant of this evolving dermatosis. Our report supports the possible role for disordered follicular keratinisation in its pathogenesis.

Update in adolescent dermatology.

This dermatology article serves as a quick reference for the physician treating adolescents. We first review the diagnostic approach to a dermatologic problem: configuration, color, pattern, and distribution. The next section discusses diagnosis and management of the most common clinical situations encountered in everyday practice, including skin infections, infestations, dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, and papulosquamous disorders. The following section covers conditions that should be managed with the help of a dermatologist, including difficult acute situations such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and necrotizing fasciitis; other chronic situations, including refractory common conditions such as acne and psoriasis, are also considered. We then discuss conditions that should be managed exclusively by a dermatologist, including malignancies, bullous disorders, and less common types of ichthyosis. The final section alerts the physician to dermatologic conditions that may be manifestations of other disorders, necessitating appropriate referral to a different specialist. Examples are immunologic and endocrine disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, collagen vascular disease, and malignancies.

Enfoque terapéutico de la psoriasis en la infancia / Therapeutic approach to psoriasis in children

La psoriasis infantil es una enfermedad multifactorial, con múltiples aristas. Las lesiones características son placas eritematoescamosas bien definidas, localizadas en codos, rodillas, región sacra y cuero cabelludo; pueden afectar todo el tegumento, incluyendo palmas, plantas, semimucosas, uñas y articulaciones. La predisposición genética queda demostrada por la clara agregación familiar (uno de cada tres pacientes tiene un familiar afectado), la concordancia en gemelos y la asociación con determinados HLA. Se trata de una enfermedad de difícil tratamiento, sobre todo en los casos graves y formas diseminadas y, en especial, en los niños. Las terapéuticas a utilizar deben ser minuciosamente evaluadas y consensuadas con la familia. En numerosas ocasiones se utilizan tratamientos combinados, de rotación o de ambos tipos. El objetivo del tratamiento debe ser suprimir las manifestaciones clínicas, inducir remisiones prolongadas, procurar efectividad con alto perfil de seguridad y posibilitar una mejor calidad de vida

Enfoque terapéutico de la psoriasis en la infancia / Therapeutic approach to psoriasis in children

La psoriasis infantil es una enfermedad multifactorial, con múltiples aristas. Las lesiones características son placas eritematoescamosas bien definidas, localizadas en codos, rodillas, región sacra y cuero cabelludo; pueden afectar todo el tegumento, incluyendo palmas, plantas, semimucosas, uñas y articulaciones. La predisposición genética queda demostrada por la clara agregación familiar (uno de cada tres pacientes tiene un familiar afectado), la concordancia en gemelos y la asociación con determinados HLA. Se trata de una enfermedad de difícil tratamiento, sobre todo en los casos graves y formas diseminadas y, en especial, en los niños. Las terapéuticas a utilizar deben ser minuciosamente evaluadas y consensuadas con la familia. En numerosas ocasiones se utilizan tratamientos combinados, de rotación o de ambos tipos. El objetivo del tratamiento debe ser suprimir las manifestaciones clínicas, inducir remisiones prolongadas, procurar efectividad con alto perfil de seguridad y posibilitar una mejor calidad de vida (AU)

Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis as an effective treatment for Reiter disease.

Reiter disease (RD) is characterized by a triad of sterile arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis. The conditions occur concomitantly or sequentially, and are associated with mucocutaneous features such as circinate balanitis and stomatitis. Arthritis usually occurs in attacks followed by recovery, but it sometimes progresses to permanent damage of the affected joints. Because the symptoms of this disorder are attributable to activated neutrophils, we assessed the efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP) in a 73-year-old man with RD who had skin rashes on his penis, scrotum and right hand, with severe arthralgia. The patient's skin rash and joint pain responded dramatically to five sessions of GCAP delivered at intervals of 5 days. We present a detailed description of the patient and discuss the mechanisms of GCAP, and suggest that GCAP may be useful for treating RD.